![]() Julien: Saturday 24 April – 4 Mayīattle of Gravenstafel Ridge (22–23 April 1915) Battle of Gravenstafel: Thursday 22 April – Friday 23 April.In The Battles of Ypres, 1915 six engagements involving the Second Army were recorded, four during the Second Battle (22 April – 25 May). James used The Official Names of the Battles and Other Engagements Fought by the Military Forces of the British Empire during the Great War, 1914–1919, and the Third Afghan War, 1919: Report of the Battles Nomenclature Committee as approved by the Army Council (1921) to provide a summary of each engagement and the formations involved. In A record of the Engagements of the British Armies in France and Flanders, 1914–1918 (1923 ) E. The II Corps and V Corps of the Second Army comprised the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Cavalry Divisions and the 4th, 27th, 28th, Northumbrian, Lahore and 1st Canadian divisions. ![]() The eastern part of the salient was defended by the Canadian and two British divisions. North of the salient, the Belgian army held the line of the Yser and the north end of the salient was held by two French divisions. It followed the canal, bulging eastward around the town. The Ypres salient was selected for the attack. Some of the Germans were protected by miners's oxygen breathing apparatus. Twice cylinders were breached by shell fire, the second time three men were killed and fifty wounded. Installation was supervised by Haber, Otto Hahn, James Franck and Gustav Hertz. 5730 gas cylinders, the largest weighing 40 kilograms (88 lb) each, were carried into the front line. The gas would be released by siphoning liquid chlorine out of cylinders the gas could not be released directly because the valves would freeze wind would carry the gas to the enemy lines. Falkenhayn wanted to use the gas to cover the withdrawal of Imperial German Army units to the Eastern Front to assist its ally Austria-Hungary in the Gorlice–Tarnów offensive against the Russian Empire. The German commander Erich von Falkenhayn agreed to try the new weapon, but intended to use it in a diversionary attack by his 4th Army. Observing a field test of this idea, the chemist Fritz Haber instead proposed using heavier-than-air chlorine gas He proposed to Colonel Max Bauer, the German general staff officer responsible for liaison with scientists, that they could empty the opposing trenches by a surprise attack with tear gas. The eminent German chemist Walther Nernst, who was in the army in 1914 as a volunteer driver, saw how trenches produced deadlock. The Second Battle of Ypres was the first mass use by Germany of poison gas on the Western Front.īackground Fritz Haber, a German chemist who proposed the use of the heavier-than-air chlorine gas as a weapon to break the trench deadlock The First Battle of Ypres had been fought the previous autumn. During the First World War, the Second Battle of Ypres was fought from 22 April – for control of the tactically important high ground to the east and south of the Flemish town of Ypres in western Belgium.
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